The vellum documents have been translated by Gisli Sigurdsson, a historian at Reykjavik University, who writes that Skotland, as the country was known at the time, was not a hospitable place to travelers, with the exception of the Orkneys, which were used as a base camp. The sagas, he believes, were part fact and part fiction, and "reveal how the ancient Norse were far from the fearless pirates of legend."
